관세사 무역영어
(2017-03-25 기출문제 - 하나씩 풀이)
총 40문제
답안 완료: 0문제
1. 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약(CISG, 1980) 제1장 '적용의 범위(SPHERE OF APPLICATION)'상 적용예외 사항이 아닌 것은?
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1.
This Convention does not apply to sales on execution or otherwise by authority of law.
2.
This Convention does not apply to carriage performed under the terms of any international postal convention.
3.
This Convention does not apply to sales of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money.
4.
This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.
5.
This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person.
정답: 2번
해설
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2. 국제물품복합운송에 관한 유엔협약(MT조약, 1980) 제1조 '정의(DEFINITIONS)'의 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
“Multimodal transport contract” means a contract whereby a multimodal transport operator undertakes, against payment of freight, to perform or to procure the performance of international multimodal transport.
2.
“Consignee” means the person entitled to take delivery of the goods.
3.
“Multimodal transport document” means a document which evidences a multimodal transport contract, the taking in charge of the goods by the multimodal transport operator, and an undertaking by him to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of that contract.
4.
“Multimodal transport unit” means a container, swap body, semi-trailer or other comparable loading unit used in intermodal transport.
5.
“International convention” means an international agreement concluded among States in written form and governed by international law.
정답: 4번
해설
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3. IncotermsⓇ 2010상 매도인과 매수인의 운송계약 체결 의무에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
CPT: The seller must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place.
2.
FCA: The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage.
3.
EXW: The buyer must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named place of destination or, if agreed, any point at that place.
4.
DAT: The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named terminal at the agreed port or place of destination.
5.
CFR: The buyer must contract or procure a contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, at the place of delivery to the named port of destination or, if agreed, any point at that port.
정답: 1번
해설
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4. 영국해상보험법(MIA, 1906) 제49조 '이로 또는 지연의 허용(Excuses for deviation or delay)'에 해당하지 않는 것은?
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1.
Where caused by circumstances beyond the control of the master and his employer.
2.
When the sender hands goods of a dangerous nature to the carrier, and this information has not been entered in the consignment note.
3.
For the purpose of saving human life, or aiding a ship in distress where human life may be in danger.
4.
Where reasonably necessary in order to comply with an express or implied warranty.
5.
Where reasonably necessary for the purpose of obtaining medical or surgical aid for any person on board the ship.
정답: 2번
해설
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5. 항해용선표준계약서(GENCON, 1994) PartⅡ 조항의 하나이다. ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 용어는?
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1.
lien
2.
sublet
3.
off-hire survey
4.
cargo claims
5.
deviation
정답: 1번
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6. 협회적하약관(ICC, 2009) 제9조 '운송계약종료조항(Termination of Contract of Carriage Clause)' 내용 중 일부이다. ( )에 공통으로 들어갈 숫자는?
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1.
15
2.
30
3.
45
4.
60
5.
120
정답: 4번
해설
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7. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600) 내용 중 일부이다. 밑줄 친 THIS DOCUMENT는 무엇인가?
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1.
Courier Receipt
2.
Charter Party Bill of Lading
3.
Air Transport Document
4.
Commercial Invoice
5.
Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents
정답: 2번
해설
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8. 해상화물운송에 관한 유엔협약(Hamburg Rules, 1978) 제5조 '책임의 원칙(Basis of liability)'에 해당하는 것은?
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1.
The carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or loss of, or of damage to, any registered luggage or any goods, if the occurrence which caused the damage so sustained took place during the carriage.
2.
The carrier shall be relieved of this liability to the extent that the loss or damage arises from carriage in open wagons when it has been expressly agreed and entered in the consignment note.
3.
The carrier shall not be relieved of liability by reason of the defective condition of the vehicle used by him in order to perform the carriage.
4.
The carrier is not liable, except in general average, where loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from measures to save life or from reasonable measures to save property at sea.
5.
The fact that goods have not been delivered within fourteen days from the time when the carrier took over the goods, shall be conclusive evidence of the loss of the goods.
정답: 4번
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9. ICC 은행간 화환신용장 대금상환에 관한 통일 규칙(URR 725)의 A(GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS)와 B(LIABILITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES)에 명시된 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
For the purpose of these rules, branches of a bank in different countries are considered to be same banks.
2.
In a bank-to-bank reimbursement subject to these rules, the reimbursing bank acts on the instructions and under the authority of the issuing bank.
3.
These rules are not intended to override or change the provisions of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits.
4.
The issuing bank is responsible for indicating in the documentary credit(“credit”) that reimbursement is subject to these rules.
5.
Except as provided by the terms of its reimbursement undertaking, a reimbursing bank is not obligated to honour a reimbursement claim.
정답: 1번
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10. 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약(CISG, 1980) 제20조 '승낙기간의 해석'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것을 모두 고른 것은?
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1.
ㄱ, ㄴ
2.
ㄴ, ㄹ
3.
ㄷ, ㄹ
4.
ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ
5.
ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄹ
정답: 5번
해설
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11. 전자식선하증권에 관한 CMI규칙(1990) 제4조 '화물수령통신문의 형식 및 내용(Form and content of the receipt message)'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
The carrier, upon receiving the goods from the shipper, shall give notice of the receipt of the goods to the shipper by a message at the electronic address specified by the shipper.
2.
This receipt message shall include the description of the goods, with any representations and reservations, in the same tenor as would be required if a paper bill of lading were issued.
3.
This receipt message shall not include a reference to the carrier's terms and conditions of carriage.
4.
Upon demand of the Holder, the receipt message shall be updated with the date and place of shipment as soon as the goods have been loaded on board.
5.
The shipper must confirm this receipt message to the carrier, upon which Confirmation the shipper shall be the Holder.
정답: 3번
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12. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600)상 제35조 '송달 및 번역에 대한 면책(Disclaimer on Transmission and Translation)', 제36조 '불가항력(Force Majeure)', 제37조 '피지시인의 행위에 대한 면책(Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party)'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
A credit or amendment should not stipulate that the advising to a beneficiary is conditional upon the receipt by the advising bank or second advising bank of its charges.
2.
If a credit states that charges are for the account of the beneficiary and charges cannot be collected or deducted from proceeds, the issuing bank assumes no liability or responsibility for payment of charges.
3.
A bank assumes no liability or responsibility for the consequences arising out of the interruption of its business by acts of terrorism. A bank will, upon resumption of its business, honour or negotiate under a credit that expired during such interruption of its business.
4.
A bank instructing another bank to perform services is not liable for any commissions, fees, costs or expenses ("charges") incurred by that bank in connection with its instructions.
5.
If a nominated bank determines that a presentation is complying and forwards the documents to the issuing bank, whether or not the nominated bank has honoured or negotiated, an issuing bank must not honour or negotiate, or reimburse that nominated bank.
정답: 1번
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13. IncotermsⓇ 2010의 EXW에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
2.
"Ex Works" means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller's premises or at another named place.
3.
The seller must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, including inspection mandated by the authorities of the country of export.
4.
A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an obligation to provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance.
5.
The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of the goods.
정답: 3번
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14. 해상화물운송에 관한 유엔협약(Hamburg Rules, 1978)의 제1조 '정의(Definitions)'에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 내용을 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
Carrier - Contract of carriage by multimodal Transport - Seaway bill
2.
Carrier - Contract of carriage by sea - Bill of lading
3.
Actual carrier - Contract of carriage by multimodal Transport - Transport document
4.
Actual carrier - Contract of carriage by sea - Bill of lading
5.
Actual carrier - Contract of carriage by multimodal Transport - Seaway bill
정답: 4번
해설
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15. 다음은 비즈니스계약서 내용 중 일부이다. 이 조항에 해당하는 것은?
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1.
Entire agreement
2.
Warranty
3.
Arbitration
4.
Infringement
5.
Secrecy
정답: 5번
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16. 국제물품복합운송에 관한 유엔협약(MT조약, 1980)상 제3장 '복합운송인의 책임(Liability of the multimodal transport operator)'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
The multimodal transport operator shall be liable for loss sustained by the consignor if such loss is caused by the fault or neglect of the consignor, or his servants or agents when such servants or agents are acting within the scope of their employment.
2.
Delay in delivery occurs when the goods have not been delivered within the time expressly agreed upon or, in the absence of such agreement, within the time which it would be reasonable to require of a diligent consignor, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
3.
The defences and limits of liability provided for in this Convention shall apply in any action against the multimodal transport operator in respect of loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goods, as well as from delay in delivery, whether the action be founded in contract without tort.
4.
The multimodal transport operator is deemed to be in charge of the goods from the time he has taken over the goods from an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the place of taking in charge, the goods must be handed over for transport.
5.
The multimodal transport operator shall mark or label in a suitable manner dangerous goods as dangerous. Where the multimodal transport operator hands over dangerous goods, the multimodal transport operator shall inform the consignor of the dangerous character of the goods.
정답: 4번
해설
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17. 추심에 관한 통일규칙(URC 522)상 제1조 'URC 522의 적용(Application of URC 522)', 제2조 '추심의 정의(Definition of Collection)'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
The Uniform Rules for Collections, 1995 Revision, ICC Publication No. 522, shall apply to all collections where such rules are incorporated into the "collection contract".
2.
Banks shall have no obligation to handle either a collection or any collection instruction or subsequent related instructions.
3.
"Commercial documents" means invoices, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, being financial documents.
4.
"Collection" means the handling by banks of documents in accordance with sales contract, in order to require payment and/or acceptance.
5.
"Clean collection" means collection of commercial documents not accompanied by financial documents.
정답: 2번
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18. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600)에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 단어를 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
on or about - between – from
2.
on or about - till - before
3.
on or about - from – before
4.
by - till - from
5.
by - between - at
정답: 1번
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19. IncotermsⓇ 2010의 서문(Introduction)상 '사용방법(How to use the IncotermsⓇ 2010 rules)'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
If you want the IncotermsⓇ 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the contract, through such words as, "[the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place, followed by] IncotermsⓇ 2010".
2.
Whichever Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware that the interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being used.
3.
The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place or port as precisely as possible.
4.
Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract has the obligation to make carriage or insurance arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, and which costs each party is responsible for.
5.
The parties should be aware that mandatory local law cannot override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms rule.
정답: 5번
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20. IncotermsⓇ 2010에서 거래조건별 당사자 의무 조항이 바르게 나열된 것은?
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1.
①
2.
②
3.
③
4.
④
5.
⑤
정답: 5번
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21. 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약(CISG, 1980) 제97조 '협약에 관한 선언 절차'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
Declarations made under this Convention at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification, acceptance or approval.
2.
Declarations and confirmations of declarations are to be in writing and be formally notified to the depositary.
3.
A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned.
4.
However, a declaration of which the depositary receives formal notification after such entry into force takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the date of its receipt by the depositary.
5.
Any State which makes a declaration under this Convention may withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing addressed to the depositary.
정답: 4번
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22. 영국해상보험법(MIA, 1906) 내용 일부이다. ( )에 들어갈 용어로 옳은 것은?
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1.
Demurrage
2.
Salvage charges
3.
Despatch money
4.
Storage charges
5.
Congestion surcharges
정답: 2번
해설
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23. 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약(CISG, 1980) 제38조 '물품의 검사시기'에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 내용을 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
short - till - to - new destination
2.
short - to - till - new place
3.
short - until - until - new destination
4.
long - to - until - new place
5.
long - until - to - new destination
정답: 3번
해설
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24. IncotermsⓇ 2010에서 CIP규칙에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것을 모두 고른 것은?
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1.
ㄱ, ㄴ
2.
ㄱ, ㄹ
3.
ㄴ, ㄷ
4.
ㄴ, ㄹ
5.
ㄷ, ㄹ
정답: 1번
해설
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25. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600) 제10조 '조건변경(Amendments)'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것을 모두 고른 것은?
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1.
ㄱ, ㄴ
2.
ㄱ, ㄹ
3.
ㄴ, ㄷ
4.
ㄴ, ㄹ
5.
ㄷ, ㄹ
정답: 3번
해설
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26. 전자적 제시를 위한 UCP추록(eUCP Version 1.1) 제e5조 '제시(Presentation)'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
Electronic records may be presented separately and need not be presented at the same time.
2.
If an eUCP credit allows for presentation of one or more electronic records, the beneficiary is responsible for providing a notice to the bank to which presentation is made signifying when the presentation is complete.
3.
The notice of completeness may be given as an electronic record or paper document and must identify the eUCP credit to which it relates. Presentation is deemed not to have been made if the beneficiary's notice is not received.
4.
Each presentation of an electronic record and the presentation of paper documents under an eUCP credit must identify the eUCP credit under which it is presented.
5.
An electronic record that cannot be authenticated is deemed to have been presented.
정답: 5번
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27. 영국물품매매법(SGA, 1979) 제30조 '하자 있는 수량의 인도(Delivery of wrong quantity)'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods less than he contracted to sell, the buyer may reject them, but if the buyer accepts the goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate.
2.
Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell, the buyer may accept the goods included in the contract and reject the rest, or he may reject the whole.
3.
Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to sell and the buyer accepts the whole of the goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate.
4.
Where the seller delivers to the buyer the goods he contracted to sell mixed with goods of a different description not included in the contract, the buyer cannot accept the goods which are in accordance with the contract and reject the rest, or he can reject the whole.
5.
This section is subject to any usage of trade, special agreement, or course of dealing between the parties.
정답: 4번
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28. 영국해상보험법(MIA, 1906) 제71조 '화물, 상품 등의 분손(Partial loss of goods, merchandise, etc.)'에 관한 내용 일부이다. ( )에 들어갈 용어를 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
Gross proceeds - amount proceeds - Total value
2.
Total value - gross value - Total proceeds
3.
Total proceeds - amount proceeds - Total value
4.
Gross value - gross value - Gross proceeds
5.
Total proceeds - amount proceeds - Gross value
정답: 4번
해설
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29. 외국중재판정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 유엔협약(뉴욕협약, 1958)에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
ㄱ, ㄴ
2.
ㄱ, ㄹ
3.
ㄴ, ㄷ
4.
ㄴ, ㄹ
5.
ㄷ, ㄹ
정답: 2번
해설
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30. 해상화물운송에 관한 유엔협약(Hamburg Rules, 1978) 제10조 '운송인과 실제운송인의 책임(Liability of the carrier and actual carrier)'에 관한 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
All the provisions of this Convention governing the responsibility of the carrier also apply to the responsibility of the actual carrier for the carriage performed by him.
2.
Any special agreement under which the carrier assumes obligations not imposed by this Convention or waives rights conferred by this Convention affects the actual carrier only if agreed to by him expressly and in writing.
3.
Where and to the extent that both the carrier and the actual carrier are liable, their liability is joint and several.
4.
The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, the actual carrier and their servants and agents shall not exceed the limits of liability provided for in this Convention.
5.
Nothing in this article shall prejudice any right of responsibility as between the carrier and the actual carrier.
정답: 5번
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31. 전자식선하증권에 관한 CMI규칙(1990) 제2조 '정의(Definitions)'에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 용어를 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
Electronic Monitoring System - Confirmation - EDI - Transmission - UN/EDIFACT
2.
Confirmation - Transmission - EDI - Electronic Monitoring System - UN/EDIFACT
3.
Transmission - Electronic Monitoring System - EDI - Confirmation - UN/EDIFACT
4.
Transmission - UN/EDIFACT - Confirmation - EDI - Electronic Monitoring System
5.
Transmission - Confirmation - EDI - Electronic Monitoring System - UN/EDIFACT
정답: 5번
해설
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32. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600) 제36조 '불가항력(Force Majeure)'에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 용어를 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
trade - military – lockouts
2.
transactions - God - blowouts
3.
business - military – blowouts
4.
trade - armed forces - disturbances
5.
business - God - lockouts
정답: 5번
해설
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33. IncotermsⓇ 2010상 각 규칙 '사용지침(GUIDANCE NOTE)'에 관한 설명이다. ( )에 들어갈 용어를 순서대로 바르게 나열한 것은?
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1.
CFR - DAP – FCA
2.
CPT - DDP – FOB
3.
CFR - DDP - FAS
4.
CPT - DAP – FAS
5.
CIP - DAP - FCA
정답: 4번
해설
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34. 다음 내용으로 개설되어지는 신용장으로 적합한 것은?
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1.
letter of instruction
2.
back to back credit
3.
letter of indication
4.
traveler's credit
5.
stale credit
정답: 2번
해설
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35. 국제물품복합운송에 관한 유엔협약(MT조약, 1980) 제8조 '복합운송증권의 내용(Contents of the multimodal transport document)'에 포함되지 않는 것은?
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1.
The apparent condition of the goods
2.
The consignee, if named by the consignor
3.
The name of the letter of representation
4.
The name and principal place of business of the multimodal transport operator
5.
The place of delivery of the goods
정답: 3번
해설
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36. 국제항공운송에 관한 규칙의 통일을 위한 협약(Warsaw Convention, 1929) 제3장 '운송인의 책임(Liability of the Carrier)'에 관한 내용으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
The carriage by air within the meaning of the preceding paragraph comprises the period during which the luggage or goods are in charge of the owner, whether in an aerodrome or on board an aircraft, or, in the case of a landing inside an aerodrome, in any place whatsoever.
2.
The carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or loss of, or of damage to, any registered luggage or any goods, if the occurrence which caused the damage so sustained took place during the carriage by air.
3.
The carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the death or wounding of a passenger or any other bodily injury suffered by a passenger, if the accident which caused the damage so sustained took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking.
4.
The period of the carriage by air does not extend to any carriage by land, by sea, or by river performed outside an aerodrome.
5.
If, however, such a carriage takes place in the performance of a contract for carriage by air, for the purpose of loading, delivery or transshipment, any damage is presumed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have been the result of an event which took place during the carriage by air.
정답: 1번
해설
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37. 국제물품매매계약에 관한 유엔협약(CISG, 1980) 제1조 '적용의 기본원칙'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: when the States are Contracting States.
2.
The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.
3.
For the purpose of these rules: Presentation means either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered.
4.
Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.
5.
This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.
정답: 3번
해설
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38. IncotermsⓇ 2010의 서문(INTRODUCTION) 중 '규칙의 변형(Variants of Incoterms rules)'에 관한 내용이다. ( )에 들어갈 알맞은 용어는?
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1.
costs
2.
insurance
3.
damages
4.
risk
5.
shipments
정답: 1번
해설
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39. 추심에 관한 통일규칙(URC 522, 1995) 제10조 '서류 vs. 물품/용역/이행(Documents vs. Goods/Services/Performances)'에 관한 설명으로 옳은 것은?
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1.
Goods should not be despatched directly to the address of a bank or consigned to or to the order of a bank with prior agreement on the part of that bank.
2.
Banks have obligation to take any action in respect of the goods to which a documentary collection relates, including storage and insurance of the goods even when specific instructions are given to do so.
3.
Nevertheless, in the case that banks take action for the protection of the goods, whether instructed or not, they assume no liability or responsibility with regard to the fate and/or conditions of the goods and/or for any acts and/or omissions on the part of any third parties entrusted with the custody and/or protection of the goods.
4.
However, the collecting bank must advise without delay the bank from which the consigned instruction was received of any such action taken.
5.
Any charges and/or expenses incurred by banks in connection with any action taken to protect the goods will be for the account of the party from whom they sent the collection.
정답: 3번
해설
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40. 화환신용장통일규칙(UCP 600) 제3조 '해석(Interpretations)' 중 '무역용어'에 관한 설명으로 옳지 않은 것은?
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1.
A document may be signed by handwriting, facsimile signature, perforated signature, stamp, symbol or any other mechanical or electronic method of authentication.
2.
A requirement for a document to be legalized, visaed, certified or similar will be satisfied by any signature, mark, stamp or label on the document which appears to satisfy that requirement.
3.
Terms such as "first class", "well known", "qualified", "independent", "official", "competent" or "local" used to describe the issuer of a document not allow any issuer except the beneficiary to issue that document.
4.
Unless required to be used in a document, words such as "prompt", "immediately" or "as soon as possible" will be disregarded.
5.
The terms "beginning", "middle" and "end" of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th and the 21st to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive.
정답: 3번
해설
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강의: 관세사 무역영어
연도: 2017-03-25
총 문제: 40문제
현재 문제: 1번
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